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The parahippocampal gyrus-orbitofrontal cortex (PHG-OFC) circuit in humans is homologous to the postrhinal cortex (POR)-ventral lateral orbitofrontal cortex (vlOFC) circuit in rodents. Both are associated with visuospatial malfunctions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the relationship between an impaired POR-vlOFC circuit and visuospatial memory deficits through retrograde tracing and in vivo local field potential recordings in 5XFAD mice, and investigated alterations of the PHG-OFC circuit by multi-domain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients on the AD spectrum. We demonstrated that an impaired glutamatergic POR-vlOFC circuit resulted in deficient visuospatial memory in 5XFAD mice. Moreover, MRI measurements of the PHG-OFC circuit had an accuracy of 77.33% for the classification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment converters versus non-converters. Thus, the PHG-OFC circuit explains the neuroanatomical basis of visuospatial memory deficits in AD, thereby providing a potential predictor for AD progression and a promising interventional approach for AD.
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Objective To determine whether interval-spaced sessions of partial splenic artery embolization(PSE) is a safe and effective alternative treatment for hypersplenism in juvenile patients. Methods Eight patients(3 males and 5 females) were included in this retrospective study.All patients were diagnosed as hypersplenism and underwent PSE in 2-3 sessions separated by 1-2 month intervals.Immediate,short,and long term follow-up were done.The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated.Results No major postoperative complication was noted.No patient developed septic shock,splenic abscess,or spleen rupture.Postoperative pain and fever were common and manageable;only two patients developed loculated pleural effusions,which were well alleviated after conservative treatment.All patients showed significant increase in thrombocytes and white blood cells count after the first session of embolization.The cell counts became remarkable after the last session and remained at normal levels during the follow-up period.Conclusions PSE using 2-3 interval-spaced sessions can effectively decrease spleen size and reverse hypersplenism in juvenile patients.Also,it may reduce the postoperative complications commonly seen in traditional PSE.
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Objective To investigate the role of family with sequence similarity 3A(Fam3A) in high glucose-induced damage of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods HUVECs were divided into control group and high glucose group, which were cultured in endothelial cell medium (ECM) containing 5.5 mmol/L of glucose and ECM containing 33.3 mmol/L of glucose, respectively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of Fam3A, whereas the protein expression of Fam3A was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HUVECs in control group and high glucose group were transfected with siNT and siFam3A, respectively, and the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS), ATP, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate(OCR), and P-p38 protein were detected.Results After HUVECs had been cultured for 24h, the relative mRNA expression of Fam3A between high glucose group and control group was 2.52±0.19 (t=13.296,P=0.000). The Fam3A protein level was (173.82±33.28)pg/ml in the high glucose group, which was significantly higher than that [(39.45±33.78)pg/ml] in the control group (t=4.907,P=0.006). The intracellular ROS content in siNT-high glucose group was (8217±794)RFU, which was significantly higher than that [(3982±398)RFU] in siNT control group (t=15.109,P=0.002). The intracellular ROS content of siFam3A high glucose group was (11 910±1 001)RFU, significantly higher than that [(4171±402)RFU] of siFam3A control group (t=9.705,P=0.010) and than that of siNT high glucose group (t=4.026,P=0.048). The relative amounts of ATP synthesis in siNT high glucose group, siFam3A control group and siFam3A high glucose group were (61.2±5.6)%, (94.6±8.4)%, and (29.7±2.7)% of the siNT control group respectively; thus, it was significantly lower in siNT high glucose group than in siNT control group (t=12.001,P=0.007) and was also significantly lower in siFam3A high glucose group than in siFam3A control group (t=20.742,P=0.002) and in siNT high glucose group(t=18.814,P=0.003). The mitochondrial OCR was (0.57±0.05)pMO/(μg protein·min) in siNT high glucose group, significantly lower than that [(1.12±0.09)pMO/(μg protein·min)] of siNT control group (t=6.804,P=0.021). The mitochondrial OCR of siFam3A high glucose group was (0.31±0.03)pMO/(μg protein·min), significantly lower than that [(1.01±0.09)pMO/(μg protein·min)] of siFam3A control group (t=19.876,P=0.003), which was significantly lower than that of siNT high glucose group (t=21.444,P=0.002). The relative expression of P-p38 in siNT high glucose group, siFam3A control group, and siFam3A high glucose group was 2.239±0.353, 0.816±0.120, and 1.160±0.185, respectively; thus, it was significantly higher in the siNT high glucose group than in siNT control group (t=6.075,P=0.026); in addition, it was significantly higher in the siFam3A high glucose group than in siFam3A control group (t=6.242,P=0.024) and significantly lower than in siNT high glucose group (t=9.686,P=0.010). Conclusions High glucose can induce high expression of Fam3A in HUVECs. Knockdown of Fam3A gene expression can exacerbate the decrease of ATP synthesis and mitochondrial OCR caused by high glucose and promote the generation of ROS in high glucose. Fam3A may regulate high glucose-induced ROS production in HUVECs via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Plumbagin (Plumbago zeylanica L.) has a wide spectrum of anticancer activity with a relatively lower toxicity. The molecular mechanisms of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction by plumbagin on esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines may be important for the structure modification and clinical application of plumbagin. After treatment of KYSE-30, KYSE-70 and KYSE-140 cells with 0-20 μmol·L-1 of plumbagin for 24, 48, 72 h, CCK8 was used to examine the proliferation, Annexin V and PI immunofluorescence staining for apoptosis, real-time PCR and Western blot for FoxM1 mRNA and protein expression, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay for the transcriptional activity of FoxM1, respectively. In addition, the relationship between anti- tumor effect of plumbagin and FoxM1 was investigated in vivo. Plumbagin significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, plumbagin down-regulated the expression of FoxM1 through suppression of its gene transcription. Our findings suggest that plumbagin may inhibit the proliferation of esophageal squamous carcinoma cell in vivo and in vitro through down-regulating the expression of FoxM1.
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Objective To study the effect of CBT resection on blood pressure in essential hypertensive subjects.Methods Clinical data of 24 essential hypertensive patients (BP ＞ 140/90 mmHg or was using anti-hypertensive drugs) with CBT resection from May 2005 to March 2016 was analyzed,retrospectively.The heart rate,blood pressure were recorded continuously during the peri-operative and follow-up period.All of the patients were followed-up for at least 1 year.Results The systolic blood pressure(SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) decreased 1-3 months after the operation,and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.001),while the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) did not change significantly (P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative patients used less amount of antihypertensive drugs,but the difference was statistically not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Unilateral CBT resection is associated with short-term to intermediate-term lowering of BP in hypertensive patients (P ＞ 0.05).
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Objective To study the effect of CBT resection on blood pressure in essential hypertensive subjects.Methods Clinical data of 24 essential hypertensive patients (BP ＞ 140/90 mmHg or was using anti-hypertensive drugs) with CBT resection from May 2005 to March 2016 was analyzed,retrospectively.The heart rate,blood pressure were recorded continuously during the peri-operative and follow-up period.All of the patients were followed-up for at least 1 year.Results The systolic blood pressure(SBP) and pulse pressure (PP) decreased 1-3 months after the operation,and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.001),while the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) did not change significantly (P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative patients used less amount of antihypertensive drugs,but the difference was statistically not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Unilateral CBT resection is associated with short-term to intermediate-term lowering of BP in hypertensive patients (P ＞ 0.05).
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ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine risk factors of postoperative urethral stricture (US) and vesical neck contracture (BNC) after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) from perioperative parameters. Materials and Methods: 373 patients underwent TURP in a Chinese center for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction (LUTS/BPO), with their perioperative and follow-up clinical data being collected. Univariate analyses were used to determine variables which had correlation with the incidence of US and BNC before logistic regression being applied to find out independent risk factors. Results: The median follow-up was 29.3 months with the incidence of US and BNC being 7.8% and 5.4% respectively. Resection speed, reduction in hemoglobin (ΔHb) and hematocrit (ΔHCT) levels, incidence of urethral mucosa rupture, re-catheterization and continuous infection had significant correlation with US, while PSA level, storage score, total prostate volume (TPV), transitional zone volume (TZV), transitional zone index (TZI), resection time and resected gland weight had significant correlation with BNC. Lower resection speed (OR=0.48), urethral mucosa rupture (OR=2.44) and continuous infection (OR=1.49) as well as higher storage score (OR=2.51) and lower TPV (OR=0.15) were found to be the independent risk factors of US and BNC respectively. Conclusions: Lower resection speed, intraoperative urethral mucosa rupture and postoperative continuous infection were associated with a higher risk of US while severer storage phase symptom and smaller prostate size were associated with a higher risk of BNC after TURP.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery , Urethral Stricture/etiology , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/etiology , Contracture/etiology , Transurethral Resection of Prostate/adverse effects , Time Factors , Logistic Models , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , ROC Curve , Treatment Outcome , Risk Assessment/methods , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/surgery , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The effect of lanthanum carbonate on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in the elderly maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients was investigated. Fifty-four cases subjected to routine MHD complicated with skin pruritus admitted to our hospital were selected and randomly divided into case group (n=28) and control group (n=26). The control group was given routine MHD alone. The case group was given lanthanum carbonate additionally on the basis of routine MHD. The changes of itching degrees at first and third month, and serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels and AAC scores at third month after treatments were compared between the two groups. The correlation between calcium-phosphorus products and AAC scores was also analyzed. There was no significant difference in the baseline of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), uric acid, albumin, hemoglobin, C reactive protein (CRP), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, total cholesterol between case group and control group (P>0.05 for all). There was also no significant difference in the baseline itching scores between the case group and the control group (P>0.05). At 1st and 3rd month after treatment, the itching scores in the case group were 14.2 ± 3.2 and 10.5 ± 2.3, respectively, which were significantly lower than the baseline and those in the control group (P<0.05 for all). At 1st and 3rd month after treatment, the itching scores in the control group were 23.6 ± 5.9 and 24.8 ± 6.3, respectively, which were significantly higher than the baseline (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the baseline of serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, iPTH levels between the case group and control group (P>0.05). At 3rd month after treatment, serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products and iPTH levels in the case group were decreased significantly as compared with the baseline (P<0.05), and the serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, and iPTH levels were statistically decreased as compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). The AAC scores showed statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group (P<0.05). The serum phosphorus and AAC scores showed a positive correlation in both two groups. It was suggested that the administration of lanthanum carbonate in the elderly MHD patients can effectively relieve itching, and simultaneously reduce serum phosphorus and iPTH levels, resulting in the attenuation of vascular calcification.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Case-Control Studies , Lanthanum , Therapeutic Uses , Parathyroid Hormone , Phosphates , Blood , Pruritus , Blood , Drug Therapy , Renal Dialysis , Methods , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Calcification , Blood , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the roles of open synovectomy and arthroscopic synovectomy in the treatment of diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (D-PVNS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven patients suffered from D-PVNS of knee joint who underwent surgical treatment with complete follow-up data from March 1994 to October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups as open synovectomy group (n=17) and arthroscopic synovectomy group (n=30) according to the surgical procedure. Routine radiation therapy was applied in both groups after the surgery. The mean follow-up period wa s(15.7 ± 16.3) months (range:10-30 month). The range of motion, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Lysholm score before the surgery and at the final follow-up were compared respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Recurrence was noted in 8 patients (17.0%), among whom 3 were from the open synovectomy group and 5 from the arthroscopic synovectomy group, resulting a recurrence rate of 17.6% and 16.7%, respectively, in these two groups (P>0.05). The range of motion,IKDC score, and Lysholm score at final follow-up and before the operation were (97.5 ± 14.3)℃ vs.(69.7 ± 12.6)℃, (74.5 ±6.1) vs. (38.6 ± 5.4) scores, and (77.5 ± 5.8) vs. (42.4 ± 4.6)scores, respectively, in the open synovectomy group,and were (128.6 ± 13.9)℃ vs. (64.9 ± 13.2)℃, (87.4 ± 6.7) vs. (37.2 ± 4.9)scores, and (86.2 ± 6.2) vs. (41.9 ± 5.3) cores, respectively, in the arthroscopic synovectomy group (all P<0.05). Obviously,the range of motion,IKDC score, and Lysholm score at the final follow-up were significantly superior to the pre-operative findings, and were also significantly better in the arthroscopic synovectomy group than in the open synovectomy group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Open synovetomy and arthroscopic synovetomy have similar recurrent rates in treating D-PVNS of the knee joint, while the latter has better postoperative range of motion and functional scores. Thus, arthroscopic synovectomy is a better option for the surgical treatment of D-PVNS.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Knee Joint , Postoperative Period , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Synovitis, Pigmented VillonodularABSTRACT
Objective To investigate ACEI ( benazepril ) and tranilast exert renoprotective properties in diabetic nephropathy( DN) through the inhibition of thioredoxin( Trx) . Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,tranilast group and benazepril group (n=10 each).Normal control group was fed with normal diet. Other groups were fed with high-glucose high-fat diet to make DN models. Rats in model control, tranilast, and benazepril groups were fed with normal diet,400 mg??kg-1??d-1 tranilast plus normal diet,and 10 mg??kg-1??d-1 benazepril plus normal diet,respectively,via oral gavage for 12 weeks.The 24-hour proteinuria,blood glucose(BG),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine ( Scr) and renal pathology changes were detected. Expression of Trx was measured by Western-blot. Results The 24 h urine protein, BG, BUN, Scr, kidney/body weight, and glomerular sclerosis index were significantly decreased in tranilast group and benazepril group,as compaired with model control group ( P0.05).Both tranilast and benazepril can reduce renal pathological changes,and can increase the expression of Trx of DN rats, but benazepril had a more significant effect on increasing Trx expression. Conclusion Both tranilast and benazepril have renoprotective function in DN, and benazepril is more effective than tranilast in delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy by increasing Trx expression and decreasomg oxidative stress.
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Objective To investigate the features of white matter impairment and its relationship with cognition in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods Eighty-three cases of aMCI and 85 normal aging volunteers were scanned with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using MR system.All subjects completed the neuropsychological battery.We analyzed the differences between two groups using tract-based spatial statistics and the association between regions in difference and cognition using correlation analysis.Results There were significant differences between aMCI and normal control in the neuropsychological battery including the Mini-Mental State Examination(26.2 ± 2.6 vs 28.3 ± 1.3,F =43.224,P =0.000),Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 (131.4 ± 6.9 vs 138.0 ± 3.5,F =62.308,P =0.000),Auditory Verbal Learning Test-delayed recall(2.4 ± 1.6 vs 7.5 ± 2.0,F =324.018,P =0.000),Boston Naming Test(8.7 ± 1.4 vs 9.2 ± 1.0,F =6.821,P =0.010),Rey-Osterrich Complex Figure Test (12.1 ± 7.3 vs 18.5 ± 6.1,F =40.674,P =0.000),Symbol Digit Modulation Test (30.0 ± 10.1 vs 38.6 ± 9.8,F =30.786,P =0.000),Trail-Making Test Part B ((256.8 ± 124.5) s vs (178.1 ± 59.0) s,F =27.601,P =0.000).Significantly higher diffusivity indexes and radial diffusivity were also found in aMCI subjects compared to healthy elders in the parahippocampal,superior longitudinal fasciculus,inferior longitudinal fasciculus,superior fronto-occipital fasciculus,inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,unciform fasciculus,corticospinal tract,corpus callosum,cingulum,corona radiate.We also found that axial diffusivity was significantly increased in the parahippocampal,superior longitudinal fasciculus,inferior longitudinal fasciculus,superior fronto-occipital fasciculus,inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus,unciform fasciculus,corticospinal tract and corpus callosum,whereas fractional anisotropy changes were not observed in aMCI.Diffusivity indexes values in bilateral frontal lobe (left r =0.67 ; right r =0.70),left cingulum (r =0.63),parietal white matter (r =0.69) and radial diffusivity values in left parietal (r =0.68) were significantly related to Trail Making Test A among aMCI (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In aMCI patients,there was a wide range of white matter damage,with no brain region-specific.Executive function deficit was related to the white matter impairment in bilateral frontal lobe,left cingulate and parietal lobe.The specificity and sensitivity of four DTI parameters fordetecting white matter lesions are variant.Trial registration Clinical Research Center of Jiangsu Province (BL2013025)
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the solution of choosing the minimally invasive incision site for gluteal muscle contracture patient based on standard injection point of gluteal muscle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>from September 2008 to August 2010, 25 patients (14 males and 11 females with an average of 16.5 years, ranging from 12 to 26 years) with injected gluteal muscle contracture were prospectively studied. The course of disease was from 6 to 12 years. Firstly, the connective skin Surface line from anterior superior iliac spine to coccyx (line AD) was delineated and the point (point O) was marked out as the standard gluteal muscle injection site which was on the one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine(point A) to the coccyx (point D). Secondly, the anterior and posterior edge lines of surface projection of the gluteal muscle contracture banding (line a, line p) were delineated. Thirdly, the distance from B to O and C to O (B is the point of intersection of line a and line AD,C is the point of intersection of line P and line AD)were measured which was the intersection of line a,p and line AD to point O. Lastly, the minimally invasive surgery was operformed via the skin entry of point C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>OB = (0 +/- 0.76) cm, OC = (2.86 +/- 0.78) cm, BC = (2.86 +/- 1.01) cm,the mean postoperative drainage was less than 10 ml,there was no nerve damage,hematoma and other complications. All patients achieved the function of squatting in 4 to 6 days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The solution of choosing the minimally invasive incision site based on standard injection point of gluteal muscle has advantages of positioning precisely,handling easily, recoverying quickly, less trauma and safety, etc.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Buttocks , Contracture , General Surgery , Injections, Intramuscular , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Muscle, Skeletal , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize and analyze preventive strategies of secondary spinal cord injury caused by subaxial cervical trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2004 to April 2009, 67 patients with secondary spinal cord injury caused by subaxial cervical trauma were retrospectively analyzed. There were 40 males and 20 females, with an average age of 40.5 years old ranging from 18 to 69 years. After admission the preventive strategies included using MP and GM-1, early decompression, and high pressure oxygen after operation. The neurological function was classified by Frankel, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated by total recovery rate and useful recovery rate. The total recovery rate was that the level of Frankel raise one or more grade, the useful recovery rate which included Frankel D, E was that the patient can walk by self or crutch, remaining some neurological deficits.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years (averaged 1.5 years), the total recovery rate was 53.7% (36/67), the useful recovery rate was 35.8% (24/67). Seven patients was death, the death rate was 10.4% (7/67), 1 was aggravated, the aggravating rate was 1.5% (1/67).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As possible as using MP, GM-1, early decompression, and high pressure oxygen after operation can be effective strategies for preventing secondary spinal cord injury caused by subaxial cervical trauma.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cervical Vertebrae , Wounds and Injuries , Decompression, Surgical , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Cord InjuriesABSTRACT
With reverse transcriptase PCR, the transcripton of copper homeostasis relative gene Afe0329 in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxians standard strain ATCC23270 was investigated. The further analysis of genes in this transcripton was analyzed employed by Vector NTI, Blast, TMHMM Server, PSORTb software and so on. From the DNA of different strains, the transcripton of Afe0329 was amplified using special primer pairs to identify the universality of it in the genome of A.ferrooxidans strains. The results showed that gene Afe0330 and Afe0331 were cotranscribed with Afe0329, and they were in a single transcripton. Gene Afe0329 was supported to express a P1b3-type ATPase which is a heavy metal ion pumping transmembrane protein, protein AFE0330 which expressed by gene Afe0330 was a cytoplasmic protein, no significant ho- mologous sequences of Afe0330 or Afe0331 had been obtained by Blast analysis. And the transcripton of Afe0329 was universal in genome of A. ferrooxidans strains.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the feasibility to repair the peripheral nerve gap with tissue engineering scaffold complex that is composed of medical biodegradable material agarose hydrogel and nerve growth factor (NGF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chitosan tube containing agarose hydrogel and NGF was transplanted to bridge a 10 mm gap of injured sciatic nerve in rat. Chitosan duct without agarose hydrogel and NGF was used as negative control, while autograft nerve as positive control. Sixteen weeks after operation, the regeneration of nerve fiber was observed with morphological and immunohistochemistrical methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The number and diameter of regenerating nerve fibers bridged by the scaffold complex of agarose hydrogel and NGF were better than negative control group (P < 0.01) and reached the level of autograft nerve group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The new type of tissue engineering scaffold complex of agarose hydrogel and NGF may provide a microenvironment, as well as autograft nerve, to promote nerve regeneration. This technique may benefit patients with nerve injury in the future.</p>